
When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence May be diagnosed. Compulsive and repetitive use May result in tolerance to the effects of the drug and withdrawal symptoms Pls use is reduced or stopped.
The unique or independent effects of cigarettes and hard drug use (while controlling for General Drug Use) Had a wide range of negative effects on health, Psychosomatic symptoms, emotional distress, and interpersonal relationships. Specific use of cannabis Increased health and family problems.
The related concept of drug addiction has many different definitions. Some writers give in fact drug addiction the Same meaning as substance dependence, others for example drug addiction Provide a narrower meaning the which excludes drugs without evidence of tolerance or withdrawal symptoms. In contrast to the effects of specific drugs, specific areas of social support Had minimal impact on young-adult functioning. Results are discussed in regard to theory development and prevention strategies.
Alcohol use, the which was not reflected in the General Drug Use, Had no specific negative effects, but it reduced Loneliness in romantic relationships, self-derogation, and family problems.
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